George Bernard: "There is no sincere love than the love of food"

What happened here?

AAAND We are baaack .... cooking for fun again!!

It took this recipe from Ranveer Brar to get us back into the kitchen ... just for the fun of it. 

We used to enjoy cooking so much ... back in the good old days before kids and work and everything else ran over our lives. I remember making 13 dishes from scratch for Thanksgiving and inviting all our friends, the year before Diya was born. And this year, Diya made 13 dishes from scratch and invited all her friends and their families. What happened to the 2 decades in between? When did cooking become a dreaded but necessary chore; when did we slide into eating frozen Costco meals or door-dashing multiple times a week ... sometimes different people in the house ordered from different restaurants at the same time. 

Diya wants to make Indian food more often and (given I'm no chef) I do not use precise measures or even recipes ... so we turned to youtube. Anyway, I ran into some of Ranveer Brar's recipes and just had to try. Dal makhani was re-born and lamb masala finally got the right consistency. Then couple nights ago this recipe poppep up into my feed and I was mesmerized by the complexity of it and found it suddenly nostalgic. My Dadi is from Lucknow and I have tasted these dishes in my early childhood when I lived with my Dadi & Baba. I could feel the memories wash over. Not just the delicacy of making the food, the refined tastes ... but also the language and the etiquette that goes with it. It was packed up in some corner of my heart and came rushing to me. When did I leave all that behind?

Suvo, who was sitting next to me reading his 100th or 200th sci-fi book this year, got interested and peeked into my screen. So I removed my air-pods and we both watched the short video. I thought - there is no way I am making this complicated dish. It did not seem "efficient" :). 

Next day - I came back from work to see Suvo had ordered biriyani and chicken korma for lunch. I supposed my moong daal and bhindi did not inspire him much. He was really craving those tastes. The biriyani was good but the chiken korma fell flat compared to what we imagined this dish would taste like. Well, what do you know, the next day I came back from work to find the kitchen prepped to make this dish. Suvo had shopped all day for all the ingredients - including rose water, jayatri and bhuna chana besan!! He had even prepped the chicken and mixed the yougurt and soaked the kajus! Such enthu. I was tired after a grueling day at work and the long drive to and from Warren. But I did not have the heart to say no ... and guess what ... once I started cooking .... somehow, after a long long time - my stress drained away. 

The recipe requires love and gentle dedication. Any rushing will destroy the flavors and the process is quite irrecoverable. It was almost meditative. The house smelled divine. The food tuned out amazing. We did not talk at all through dinner. Total absorption. 

Aadi loved it - asked to add some coconut to it (something Ranveer Brar had mentioned in the show). Aadi never watched the show but he knows his flavors! Diya came in today and took a bite from last nights leftovers and immediately hoarded the rest of the chicken for her to eat later - she had lunch plans with friends and did not want her Baba to finish it! Well, so .... we are making it again for dinner - haha. This recipe rekindled our love of cooking and brought everyone back into the kitchen enjoying the same meal together. This deserves entry into our blog ... (also for easy access for future cooking :p)

LUCKNAWI CHICKEN MASALA Preparation time 10 minutes Cooking time 25-30 minutes Serve 2-4 Ingredients For Chicken Masala 2-3 tbsp Ghee, घी 1-2 tbsp Oil, तेल 1 Green chili (less spicy & diagonally sliced) हरी मिर्च 5-6 no. medium Onions, sliced, प्याज 2 no. Bay leaf, तेजपत्ता ½ inch Cinnamon stick, दालचीनी 1 no. Black cardamom, बड़ी इलायची 2 no. Green cardamom, हरी इलायची Salt to taste, नमक स्वादअनुसार ¼ cup Water, पानी Little water, पानी ½ tbsp Ginger garlic paste, अदरक लहसुन का पेस्ट Prepared Curd Mixture, तयार किया हुआ दही का मिश्रण Salt to taste, नमक स्वादअनुसार 1 tbsp Tender coriander stems, finely chopped, धनिये के डंठल Marinated Chicken, मैरीनेटेड चिकन 1-2 cups Water, पानी 1 cup Water, पानी Prepared Cashew Nuts Paste, तयार किया हुआ काजू का पेस्ट Prepared Tadka, तयार किया हुआ तड़का Shredded Chicken, हड्डी रहित चिकन For Boiling Cashew Nuts Water as required, पानी Salt to taste, नमक स्वादअनुसार 12 -15 no. Cashew Nuts, काजू For Marination 1 kg Chicken, चिकन Salt to taste, नमक स्वादअनुसार 1-2 tsp Oil, तेल 1 tsp Degi red chili powder, देगी लाल मिर्च पाउडर ½ tsp Lemon juice, नींबू का रस For Curd Mixture 1 ¼ cup Curd, beaten, दही 1 heaped tbsp Coriander powder, धनिया पाउडर 1 tsp Turmeric powder, हल्दी पाउडर ½ tsp Degi red chili powder, देगी लाल मिर्च पाउडर For Dry Masala 1 heaped tbsp Black peppercorns, काली मिर्च के दाने 3-4 no. Black cardamom, बड़ी इलायची 1 ½ no. Mace, जावित्री 8-10 no. Green cardamom, हरी इलायची Salt to taste, नमक स्वाद अनुसार 1 heaped tbsp Roasted gram flour, भुने चने का बेसन For Tadka 1 tbsp Oil, तेल ½ tbsp Ghee, घी 1 no. Green chili, slit into half, हरी मिर्च 1 no. medium Onions, roughly sliced, प्याज ½ tsp Degi red chili powder, देगी लाल मिर्च पाउडर 1-2 tbsp Prepared Masala, तयार किया हुआ मसाला 1 tbsp Kewra water, केवड़ा जल 1 tbsp Rose water, गुलाब जल 1 ½ tbsp Dry fenugreek leaves, roasted, भुनी हुई कसूरी मेथी For Garnish Green chili, slit, हरी मिर्च Coriander sprig, धनिया पत्ता Process For Chicken Masala In a handi or sauce pot, ghee, oil, once it's hot, add green chillies, onions and saute it for a minute until translucent. Add bay leaf, cinnamon stick, black cardamom, green cardamom and saute it well. Add salt to taste, water and mix it well, cover it with the lid and cook it for 8-10 minutes on medium flames. Grind the onion with the help of a hand blender or steel spatula. Add water, add ginger garlic paste and saute it for a while. Add prepared curd mixture, salt to taste and cook it well for 5-6 minutes. Add tender coriander stems, marinated chicken, water and let it simmer for a while. Add water, prepared cashewnut paste and get it quick boil. Add prepared tadka, shredded chicken and mix it well. Transfer it to a serving bowl or dish, garnish it with green chili and coriander sprig. Serve hot with roti or naan. For Boiling Cashewnut In a pan, add water, salt to taste, add cashew nuts and get a quick boil. Strain and transfer it to a mixer grinder jar. Grind it to a smooth paste and keep it aside for further use. For Marination In a bowl, add chicken, salt to taste, oil, degi red chili powder, lemon juice and mix it well. Keep it aside to marinate for a while. For Curd Mixture In a bowl, add curd, coriander powder, turmeric powder, degi red chili powder and mix it well. Keep aside for further use. For Dry Masala In a pan, add black peppercorns, black cardamom, mace, green cardamom, salt to taste and dry roast it for 2-4 minutes on medium flame. Transfer it to a mixer grinder jar, add roasted gram flour and grind it well. Keep it aside for further use. For Tadka In a pan, add oil, ghee, once it is medium hot, add green chili, onion and saute it for 2-4 minutes until translucent. Add degi red chili powder, prepared masala, kewra water, rose water, dry fenugreek leaves and saute it well. Keep it aside for further use.

Fibonacci

 

Random journal entry …

 

11/12/23                                                         Fibonacci

 

The date reminded me of Fibonacci sequence. And that sparked a self-satisfied joy. I still love numbers! When did this love affair begin? Some time in high school? Or even before?

I remember a library. Not the first encounter with one, when we lived in Medical School Campus – there, I borrowed story books. But another. Smaller, with narrower shelves. A metal bookshelf in the corner. About 5 feet tall and maybe 2-3 feet wide, dusty, and seemingly forgotten.

The books were thin, no tomes on this shelf. They had mostly black, grey or moss green hard bindings. Very much like the canvas and cardboard bindings Babuji used to make at home to harden and preserve our textbooks so they could survive handing down from siblings and cousins. Only his were always a deep maroon color and smelled of homemade arrowroot glue. It was the immediate familiarity of the bindings that drew me into exploring the books on this lonesome shelf.

The number series book had a black cover. How fascinating it was. Who was the author? Ramanujan? Unlikely … but somehow the name resonates deep. How I turned the pages with wonder … if only I could unlock the mysteries set in these pages, off-white and yellowing with age … concealing the knowledge of old times. The simple typewritten font exposed a number-series. A sequence of numbers extending to infinity in their own cryptic dance. Their secret rhythm and moves folding onto themselves and then unfurling, revealing itself only to the best mathematician. Tempting, growing, swelling, extending …. reaching crescendo into perpetuity.

I wished I could dance with them.  Take one step, one more, then two … follow the series, past the ‘dot dot dots’, off the page, beyond the written words, into the unknown …. where the future promises the sum of all past and present.

[P.S. – Aadi is fascinated with my obsession with numbers. Repeatedly asks me to explain why I set my alarms at 7:43 or 8:42 … maybe this entry will help him understand 😊]

2023 Japan - Week 1

One day at a time …

Diya graduated Magna Cum Laude with Presidential Award for Academic Excellence and honors in multiple subjects. We are so proud of her and at the same time humbled by how she persevered through all the difficulties that a child should never have to face.

 A year ago, when she was in ICU with months of recovery ahead of her - we could not imagine this outcome. But she showed amazing resilience and determination and fought everyday and every inch of the way to get here. And now she is headed to Broad School of Management at Michigan State University- the #1 school in the country for Hospitality Management to pursue a career she decided when she was 3 yrs of age - to be a Chef and run restaurants! 

This child amazes me, this child inspires me. ❤️

The Origin of Universe and its Makeup

Aadi Ganguli
Cannistraro
AR 8 - 1st Hour
01 April 2023
The Origin of the Universe and Its Makeup

INTRODUCTION
"In the universe, there are things that are known, and things that are unknown, and in between, there are doors" (Blake). This quote by William Blake brings light to scientific work contributing to humankind's knowledge of the universe. Much of the work remains theoretical, but the goal of these scientists remains the same. It is to learn about the rapidly growing universe. As scientists' research of the universe continues, they create theories and conduct tests to understand its true nature.

ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE
There were several events before and after the Big Bang that are not well known. Before the Big Bang, everything was consolidated into a single point called a singularity which had infinite density (Wilson). During the Big Bang, the universe started inflating at an extremely fast pace around 13.7 billion years ago (Wall, Pultarova). After the Big Bang, atoms started forming 380,000 years after the Big Bang ("The early universe"). Though scientists know more about the events during and after the Big Bang, they are still researching what the universe was like before that event.        
        Although scientists have an idea of how the universe was born, the events that transpired before the Big Bang are still being studied. Before the Big Bang, the universe was consolidated into a singular point called a singularity which had infinitely hot temperatures.  Singularities are any point in space where a property is infinite. For example, a black hole is a singularity because it has an infinite density. The state of the universe was quantum fluctuation before the Big Bang ("Singularities and Black Holes"). This implies that the universe underwent a cosmic expansion even before the Big Bang. Over 80 times the size of the Universe doubled in less than a second (Hsu). All of the universe's matter, both present and future, made up the singularity. Everything was cramped into a single, unimaginably hot point until it blew outwards in what humankind knows as the Big Bang ("How did the universe begin? How will it end?"). Although most scientists agree that the universe started as a singularity, they are still attempting to determine what caused the Big Bang and why.
        A century ago, the Big Bang Theory was conceived, and it took forty years of study to prove it. Georges Lemaître developed the Big Bang theory. Georges lived from 1894-1966. He was a Belgian Cosmologist and a Catholic priest ("Georges Lemaître, Father of the Big Bang"). He created the theory in the 1920s. Georges theorized that the universe began from a single atom, which would later be called a singularity. This theory was majorly supported by Edwin Hubble's observation that galaxies were speeding away from Earth in all directions (Greshko). In 1964, the theory was validated. In 1964, researchers made the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) discovery. The Big Bang was confirmed by CMB to be the most reliable theory for how the universe originated. This is because CMB is the cooled remnant of the first light ever to have traveled across the universe. Scientists tested this theory for several years and concluded that the theory was correct ("Big Bang"). The cause of the Big Bang is not known, but most scientists agree that the universe is still expanding at a rapid rate.
        Cosmic inflation was a period in time when the universe grew exponentially, doubling in size eighty times in under a second. Cosmic inflation was the universe's exponential growth period. It is theorized to have lasted from seconds to around  or seconds. In the 1970s to 1980s, the theory was developed with contributions from many theoretical physicists. Wikipedia states that these people contributed to the theory. "Alexei Starobinsky at Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Alan Guth at Cornell University, and Andrei Linde at Lebedev Physical Institute. Alexei, Alan, and Andrei won the 2014 Kalvin Prize for 'pioneering the theory of Cosmic Inflation'" ("Inflation (cosmology)"). A problem that was solved with the theory is the flatness question. This was solved by growing the initial, singularity universe out of any curves it had. This was done in the same way a ball loses curvature when it becomes flattened. It also explains how the universe grew so quickly from a single point into the universe today ("Inflation"). The Big Bang was the turning point for the universe and helped it to become habitable, but first, it needed to cool down.
        Atoms could not form until the universe cooled enough, 380,000 years later. The Universe was too hot and too dense after the Big Bang for atoms to develop. Hydrogen did not develop until the universe had subsequently spread out and cooled down. Around  and  seconds later after the Big Bang, some subatomic particles formed. These were neutrinos, quarks, and electrons. Protons and Neutrons formed shortly after from the Neutrinos and Quarks, around seconds to one second after the Big Bang. Within three minutes after the Big Bang, conditions became suitable for elements to form, and protons and neutrons came together to form the first hydrogen nuclei. Some nuclei came together to form helium. This stage was called nucleosynthesis. However, after 20 minutes, nucleosynthesis ended and no other nuclei could form. Electrons could not stay in orbit of the nuclei because of the extreme heat and radiation still in the universe. Shortly after any neutral atoms could form (atoms with the same amount of protons and neutrons, thus giving them no charge), they were blown apart by energetic radiation (Ye). Although neutral atoms were formed soon after the Big Bang, elemental atoms needed another 380,000 years to develop.
        Similar to atoms, molecules could not form until 380,000 years later, when the cosmos began to expand and cool. Before the cosmos cooled enough for electrons to orbit the protons and neutrons and give them charge, molecules had not yet formed. The first molecule was created by the two elements at the time, hydrogen and helium. These combined to form a helium hydride molecule. This molecule is present in several celestial bodies like stars and some gas-based planets. Before molecules could form, the universe had to cool down 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Even then, only a couple could form without being blown apart by radiation and energy. The universe needed to expand enough so that the nuclei could capture electrons and become atoms instead of neutral atoms (neutral atoms are atoms with the same amount of protons and neutrons, thus giving them no charge) (Bell, Hawkes). After molecules formed, they banded together to create more complex molecules, and after a couple of million years, celestial bodies were created.

MAKEUP OF THE UNIVERSE
Multiple celestial bodies exist in the universe, however, there are many types, each with its complexities. Celestial bodies are the different objects that can occur naturally in the universe. There are celestial bodies and celestial objects, which are different in one way. The difference is celestial bodies are singular objects, such as asteroids or planets. Celestial objects are complex systems such as solar systems or asteroid belts. There are several different types of celestial bodies, like suns, nebulae, asteroids, and comets. As the universe is expanding, more celestial bodies and objects are being born ("Astronomical object"). Celestial bodies are not limited to stars, planets, and asteroids; there are undoubtedly undiscovered bodies in the universe.
        Nebulae are large dust clouds that can stretch to the size of a galaxy, and create beautiful patterns in the night sky. The definition of a nebula is "a distinct luminescent part of interstellar medium, which can consist of ionized, neutral or molecular hydrogen and also cosmic dust" ("Nebula").  ("Nebula"). Nebulae have the ability to create other celestial bodies, including stars and some planets.
        Stars have an interesting life cycle in which they die and turn into the celestial body that creates them. The definition of a star is, "an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity" ("Star"). A star is born when a nebula gravitationally collapses into itself. Stars generate energy by fusing hydrogen and helium in their core. When the two elements combine, they create a chemical reaction that causes heat ("Star"). Although stars form only one way, a star can die in multiple ways. If the star is not large enough to become a black hole or neutron star, the star will run out of material to burn in its core, and it will lose energy and heat. As a result, it does not have enough energy to collapse, so it becomes extremely dense due to electron degeneracy pressure. However, usually, a mid-sized star will have enough energy to turn into a red giant, which is the last stage in its life. During its death, it collapses on itself gravitationally. When this happens, it expels all of its matter outwards. This is called a supernova ("White dwarf"). When stars die, they may turn into a nebula or, if large enough, a black hole.
        Several planets exist outside of the Milky Way, yet there are only two types that scientists know about terrestrial and gaseous. From Nasa.gov's perspective, a planet  "must orbit a star (in our cosmic neighborhood, the Sun). It must be big enough to have enough gravity to force it into a spherical shape. It must be big enough that its gravity cleared away any other objects of similar size near its orbit around the Sun" ("Planets"). The fittest theory for planetary formation is called "nebular hypothesis". This states that a "clump" of a nebula collapses and forms a star with an orbital disk around it. Planets form in this disk by the gradual accumulation of material from gravity ("Planet"). There are only two main types of planets. There are gaseous planets which are mainly composed of helium and/or hydrogen. Usually, there is nitrogen as well. The other type of planet is a terrestrial planet, which has rock and land. These planets are usually much smaller than gas planets and have multiple layers of rock. Some terrestrial planets farther away from the sun will have water, or ice depending on the location of the planet ("Gas Giant"). Scientists know several properties planets have, however, their properties remain unknown due to their distance from Earth.
Singularities exist in space-time only as points that have infinite density and attract everything to them. A spacetime singularity, also known as a gravitational singularity, is a situation in which it is projected that gravity would be so strong that spacetime will inevitably collapse catastrophically. This means that spacetime collapses into nothing due to the intense gravitational pull. As a result, a singularity is not a part of normal spacetime, and cannot be located by "where" or "when". There are various types of singularities in the universe. The main type of singularity is a black hole. Black holes form after the death of a star, when it gravitationally collapses on itself. The force and energy that is created give it infinite density and mass. The universe is theorized to have started as a singularity, before the Big Bang ("Gravitational singularity"). The closest black hole to Earth is called Gaia BH1. It is just under 1,600 light years away from the earth. The Milky Way is thought to have hundreds of millions of singularities, but only a couple have revealed themselves due to radiation and light around them ("Sun-like star found orbiting closest black hole to Earth"). Singularities are used to describe a variety of phenomena in the world, such as the universe before the Big Bang.

END OF THE UNIVERSE
        Dark energy and dark matter are still being investigated, but there is an abundance of evidence to support them. Black matter is a substance estimated to make up 85% of the universe. It is called "dark" matter because it cannot be detected by the electromagnetic field, meaning it does not absorb, reflect, or emit electromagnetic radiation ("Dark matter").  Astronomers define dark energy as an as-yet-undiscovered type of energy that has the potential to significantly impact the universe. Supernova observations displayed that the cosmos are not expanding swiftly but rather at an accelerating rate. Scientists use dark energy and dark matter to explain how the universe is expanding, and how it might end. Scientists still do not know for sure if they are indeed real, but they have several solid theories surrounding them ("Dark energy"). The cosmos is made up of dark energy and dark matter, which also fuel its ongoing expansion.
The Big Freeze (Heat Death) theory was created to predict the end of the universe, and it is currently the best theory. The Heat Death theory theorizes that the universe will evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy, and therefore will not be able to sustain processes that can create bodies and objects in the universe ("Heat death of the universe"). This just means that the matter and energy will dissipate until the universe has become so disordered that entropy, or the randomization of celestial bodies, stops and all activity comes to an end ("WHAT IS ENTROPY? PART 3: THE WAY THE UNIVERSE WILL END"). In 1851, Lord Thomas Kelvin first created the theory in his book, "On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy". He said, "heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect". Heat death is theorized to happen at around 1.7×10106 years when protons decay ("Heath death of the universe"). The heat death theory, agreed upon by most scientists, explains that entropy comes to an end, and all celestial bodies die.
The Big Rip theory was developed to explain the end of the cosmos, although most scientists now reject this view. According to the Big Rip theory, the universe's mass, including galaxies and subatomic particles, would steadily be torn apart until the distances between the particles were limitless. The universe would become so big that there would not be enough gravitational force between the particles to hold them together, and they would break apart ("Big Rip"). Dark energy is one of the factors of the universe's exponential expansion. Dark energy will expand the universe to the point of subatomic particles being completely isolated. The Big Rip, if it is a viable theory, has already happened and continues to happen. Dark energy is already expanding the universe, however, it will not take a major effect until another couple hundred billion years (Mack). The Big Rip theory proposes that the universe will expand until subatomic particles are isolated, much like the early years of the universe.
One other notable idea is the Big Crunch theory, caused by dark matter affecting the universe. Wikipedia states, "The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang" ("Big Crunch"). This means that particles in the universe will become so dense due to dark matter expanding the universe, that particles such as atoms and molecules start pulling the universe back into itself. This will result in the universe eventually becoming smaller until it becomes a singularity again. The energy caused by this will create another Big Bang. ("Big Crunch"). The person who created the theory was Alexander Freidman. The theory was created back in 1922, by Russian physicist Alexander Freidman. Dark matter is the reason, if the theory is viable, that the universe may end like this. The universe, as it expands, will be filled with more and more dark matter, until the gravitational force of all the matter in the universe will pull everything back together, and end back up in a singularity ("Big Crunch"). According to the Big Crunch idea, the universe's matter will attract one another with a powerful force until the cosmos becomes a singularity once more.
        False vacuum decay is used in many fields of science to describe how the universe may end: the Big Slurp theory. False vacuums are vacuums that are relatively stable, but not as stable as they could be. This condition is called metastable. This state may last for a while. However, it will gradually decay into a stable state. This is known as false vacuum decay. This hypothetical false vacuum will attempt to become stable by going from a state of high energy to a state of low energy until it stabilizes into its lowest energy state. In other words, the vacuum will shrink until it stabilizes in the same way a balloon shrinks when the air is let out of it ("False vacuum decay"). This theory proposes that the universe is in one of these false vacuum states and that the false vacuum will attempt to become a true vacuum or move from a state of high energy to one of low energy. This means that the false vacuum around the universe will shrink down until it becomes a single point in space-time. This false vacuum will shrink at the speed of light, destroying anything in its path until it reaches its goal of a low-energy state. False vacuum decay, if it is a viable theory, does not have an estimated time to start. The scary part is that scientists do not know when it will happen. It could already be happening, and humans would not know if it is happening until it is too late ("Ultimate fate of the universe"). The Big Slurp theory suggests that there is a false vacuum around the universe and that it is decaying to achieve its form as a true vacuum, closing in at the speed of light and destroying everything in its path.

CONCLUSION
Scientists study the universe to comprehend the fundamental nature of it and create theories. One of these theories is the Big Bang theory. How the universe began is explained by the Big Bang. The cosmos has been developing and changing ever since the Big Bang. The simplest particles gradually combined to create complex objects such as stars, galaxies, and nebulae. Tracing the origins of the universe and answering questions about the origin of life became crucial to scientists. They also want to know how the universe may inevitably end. Several aspects of the universe are well studied, and others are theoretical, yet in between, there are answers that scientists are trying to find. Overall, astrophysics is a rapidly growing and changing field that strives to learn new information and collect data for the advancement of human knowledge and technology.

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